At this time, Ohio was a largely unsettled frontier in the western part of the United States. He was the first African American to be part of the settlement that eventually became Cleveland, Ohio. George Peake (1722–1827) also fought in the Revolutionary War. Forten used his money to advocate for women’s rights and the abolition of slavery. He quickly learned the trade and developed a patent for a device to handle ship sails, which made him a wealthy man. I never, never shall prove a traitor to her interests!" After the war, Forten was apprenticed to a sailmaker. Forten replied, "I am here a prisoner for the liberties of my country. Captured and imprisoned by the British, Forten was offered his freedom if he agreed to live in England. James Forten (1766–1842) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and lived there most of his life. a race of beings, who have long labored under the abuse and censure of the world." Jefferson replied to Banneker, writing, "nature has given to our Black brethren talents equal to those of other colors of man." Slavery was abolished 59 years after Banneker's death. He called on Jefferson to give Black men and women equal rights, and to fight against prejudice that was "so prevalent in the world against those of my complexion . Banneker gave a first edition of his almanac to Thomas Jefferson. Banneker's Almanac was commonly used by farmers and other residents of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia during the 18th and 19th centuries. Almanacs also listed tide tables, dates of lunar and solar eclipses, holidays, and phases of the moon. Almanacs were important books in the 18th century because they told exactly when the sun came up in the morning and set at night. In 1792, Banneker completed the first Banneker's Almanac. Banneker's wooden clock kept time for more than 40 years. A year later, Banneker invented a clock out of wood that struck a gong on the hour and kept time to the second. He spent time studying pocket watches before deciding to build his own timepiece. He was so fascinated by the watch that its owner lent it to Banneker. When he was 21, Banneker was shown a pocket watch. Benjamin Bannekerīenjamin Banneker (1731–1806) was a self-taught mathematician and surveyor. Most of their stories have been lost to history. There were many more African Americans, men and women, enslaved and free, who designed, manufactured, and sold inventions.
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All three men were born free they were not enslaved persons. The following three men are notable African American inventors of the 18th century.
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Papan's treatment of skin and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was so effective the Virginia state legislature freed him from slavery so that he could practice medicine. Onesimus, a Massachusetts man enslaved by Puritan leader Cotton Mather, is credited with making a remedy for smallpox that was introduced in 1721. This didn't stop them from creating new inventions. Enslaved people were considered property and couldn't apply for patents. Before the Civil War (1861–1865), slavery was legal in the United States. Chemical compounds, food, drugs, and the processes to make these things can also be patented. Patents can be granted to machines, products, devices, and processes.
A patent can't be granted to something that has already been invented, but a patent can be granted to improve an already existing invention. To receive a patent, an invention must be new and contribute something useful. The Patent Act encourages progress in science by allowing patent holders the right to make a living from their own creativity. It prevents other people from copying their invention and making money off it during that time. The law gave patent holders the sole right to make and sell their invention for 14 years. George Washington signed the first patent law on April 10, 1790. A patent is a government grant to an inventor for an invention.
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